Sunday, June 22, 2014

2013 - Beijing, China (II)

DAY 16 - September 24, 2013 – Great Wall & Summer Palace

Great Wall
The purest air and the bluest sky in China are located at the Great Wall. There exist a few entrances to get access to the Great Wall. The steps are uneven.

According to UNESCO, the Great Wall is the world's largest military structure.The construction started in 220 B.C. under Qin Shi Huang and continued up to Ming Dynasty. Fortifications were joined together in order to form an united defence system against invasions from the north.

(Pictures to come)


Summer Palace (頤和園)
No. 19, Xinjiangongmen Road, Haidian District
http://www.summerpalace-china.com


The construction began in 1750. The Summer Palace was initially built as a luxurious garden for royal families to rest and to entertain. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it became the main residence for royal members. During the rampages of the Anglo-French Allied Forces, the royal garden was destroyed by fire. The Summer Palace was reconstructed in 1888. Empress Cixi embezzled navy funds to rebuild it as a resort in which she can spend the rest of her life. However, the royal garden suffered another hit by the Eight-Power Allied Forces in 1900. The Summer Palace was rebuilt in the following 2 years.




The royal garden is divided into 4 parts: Court Area, Front Hill Area, Rear Hill Area and Lake Area. It covers an area of of 300.59 hectares (742.8 acres), occupied mainly by the Longevity Hill (Wanshou Shan) and Kunming Lake.There are over 3,000 man-made ancient structures including pavilions, towers, bridges, corridors, etc. The building space occupies more than 70,000 square meters.









Parallel to Kunming Lake, the Long Corridor (長廊) was originally built in 1750 and then rebuilt in 1886 following the burnt down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. It starts from the Yaoyue (Inviting the Moon) Gate in the east and ends at the Shizhang (Stone Old Man) Pavilion in the west. The walkway extends 728 meters including 273 sections. There exist more than 8,000 colorful paintings depicting flowers, birds, landscapes and stories from Chinese literary classics (eg. Journey to the West) on the crossbeams, ceilings and side pillars. According to the Guinness World Records, the Long Corridor is the longest covered wooden corridor.








Built in 1750 (the 15th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign), the Seventeen-Arch Bridge (十七孔橋) covers a length of 150 meters. Connecting the east bank and the Lake Island, it is the longest bridge in any Chinese imperial garden.

(Picture to come)

Built in 1755, the Marble Boat (石舫) sits at the edge of the lake. It was carved out of huge rocks. The 36-meter boat originally had a Chinese-style cabin which was burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. In the 19th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1893), the cabin was rebuilt in the western style, named the "Clear and Peaceful Boat" pursuant to the saying of "Let the river be clear and the sea be peaceful".

(Picture to come)

Eight-Power Allied Forces
On September 7, 1901, Britain, Germany, United States, Tsarist Russia, France, Japan, Italy & Austria sent troops to invade China. They forced the Qing Government to sign the insolent and unequal Protocol in human civilization: Protocol of 1901, also know as Protocol of Xinchou. It stipulates that the Qing Government shall pay an indemnity of 450 millions taels of silver to the Eight-Power Allied Force with an annual interest of 4 percent over 39 years. An additional amendment of 20 million taels of silver from provincial government totalized an indemnity of a sum of 1 billion taels of silver, equivalent to the nation's entire income over 10 years. The Qing Government had only 80 millions taels of silver in annual income. The Eight-Power Allied Forces also imposed the Qing Government to disarm in important areas (Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan), garrison installations, legation quarters expansion by the powers, tariff agreement, Custom Control, etc. As a consequence to the heavy government deficits, people suffered from all kinds of oppression such as bullying and killing by the powers. Many of the royal relics and wealthy properties of business firms were plundered.

In addition to the museums, Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum, the Temple of Heaven and the Ming Tombs are other attractions that I would like to visit in Beijing.

Sources: ebeijing.gov.cn, english.visitbeijing.com.cn, china.org.cn, english.cntv.cn, whc.unesco.org

2013 - Beijing, China (I)

DAY 14 - September 22, 2013 – Goodbye Kunming, hello Beijing!


My flight at Kunming was at 2PM. I arrived in Beijing around 9:30PM. I waited 1 hour at the airport because we had to wait for other tourists from different places. I stayed at Loong Palace Hotel & Resort (北京龙城丽宫国酒店).

DAY 15 - September 23, 2013 – Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square

Light rainy day.

FYI, all museums are closed on Monday. However, Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City are open on Monday morning. The doors close by noon.

Tiananmen Square (天安門廣場)
No. 4 Jingshan Front Street, Dongcheng District

You must pass through a security check in the underground passage in order to enter Tiananmen Square. This plaza is a political sensitive location. Do not talk about any political issue. If people pass out flyers, do not pick them up. Issues against the government might be written on those papers. If you pick those sheets up, the police might think that you are a protester and arrest you.

The plaza was originally built in the 15th year of Yongle (1417) and was called Chengtian Gate. During the Ming Dynasty, it was destroyed twice: by lightning and by war. In the 8th year of Emperor Shunzhi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1651), the plaza was rebuilt in a larger scale and renamed as Tiananmen, meaning the Gate of the Heavenly Peace. It was the place for important ceremonies during the Ming and Qing Dynasty. Imperial edicts were issued for coronation of emperors or the conferring of the title of empress. Tiananmen Square formerly served as a courtyard in the front of the main gate to the Forbidden City. At that time, it occupied 110,000 square meters. Since the fall of the feudal system, Tiananmen Square expanded to 440 000 meters square: 880 meters from North to South and 500 meters from East to West. In the middle of the plaza stands the Monument to People's Heroes. To its east is the National Museum, to its west, the Great Hall of the People and to the south, Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall. The national flag ceremony is held everyday.






Imperial Palace (故宮)
Formerly known as Forbidden City (紫禁城) 

No. 4, Jingshan Front Street, Dongcheng District

Passing through the north side gate of Tiananmen Square is the Imperial Palace in the other end. For tourists, there is only one entrance and one exit. Therefore, it is a one direction path. Apparently, it requires a minimum of 3 days to visit the whole Forbidden City. If you ever get lost, simply find back the white central line. The white line guides you to one of the exits. My parents told me that 20 years ago, tourists were allowed to have access into the rooms and to be near the beds and items. Nowadays, in order to protect the antiques, there are barriers at the entrance of each room.

The former house to 24 Ming and Qing emperors was completed in 1420 during Ming Dynasty. The total space occupies more than 720,000 square meters. The Imperial Palace contains over 1.5 million relics such as paintings, calligraphy, instruments, porcelain, textiles, daily appliances, sculptures, jewellery, ancient books and miscellaneous.








The copper and iron vats were served as fire-fighting equipment in the palace.













Beijing Zoo (北京动物园)
No. 137 Xiwai Street, Xicheng District

The most expensive entrance fee to a zoo and the shortest duration was at Beijing Zoo. It was the first time I went to a zoo only to see pandas for 10 minutes.





National Stadium - Bird's Nest (鳥巢)
Olympic Green.
http://www.n-s.cn/

Completed on June 28, 2008, the National Stadium hosted the 2008 Olympic Games.



Hutong (胡同)
In Beijing, Hutong is one of the remaining neighbourhoods featuring narrow alleys and single story traditional courtyard houses. Today, many of them are destroyed in order to make space to build new roads and buildings.

(Picture to come)

The Bell Tower.


The Drum Tower.

Red Theatre (红剧场)
44 Xing Fu Da Jie Chongwen District
原北京崇文工人文化宫 幸福大街44号

In the evening, I watched a show at the Red Theatre: The Legend of Kungfu (功夫传奇). The performance presents a combination of martial arts, acrobatics and ballet. The story tells about the journey of a little boy reaching the sacred goal of enlightenment and becoming the Abbott through practising Kungfu and facing obstacles in an ancient temple.

(Picture to come)

Daily show: 5:15PM and 7:30PM
For more info: www.gfcq.net

Sources: ebeijing.gov.cn, english.visitbeijing.com.cn/